Organisational Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Hierarchical Ethics - Essay Example qualified money related counselors who visit potential clients at their area, whenever the timing is ideal, and furnish them with all the financial administrations and items that they may require. Typically, the administration is keen on association for the most part from an instrumental perspective. For an organization association is a necessary chore so as to accomplish its objectives. In this sense, associations can be recognized into two generally various arrangements of targets: The group of money related consultants is profoundly engaged, prepared up and extremely forceful dealers, they focus on non stroll in clients and their goal is the selling of business advances. Expanding rivalry in the commercial center joined with rather draconian social inward issues, for example, administration, poor correspondence, and saw absence of individual occupation headway prospects has driven the workers to significant levels of dissatisfaction commonly before. ‘All associations start with a type of Vision, an underlying flash which causes its creation. The organisation’s Vision is basically the fantasy which joins a center gathering of individuals and motivates them to attempt to make the fantasy a reality.’ We can say that Open24 has a dream on what it needs to accomplish sooner rather than later. All representatives progress in the direction of these dreams and to be sure on the off chance that they function as gathering, at that point there is no explanation concerning why they ought not accomplish their authoritative objectives. Open24 organisation’s reason developed from their vision and in articulating its strategic; ought to have expressed how it will try to carry the vision to the real world. ‘It is expressing what its ‘Unique explanation behind being’ is, and what the qualities are that will offer importance to its purpose.’ (Ping, 1996) With regards to authoritative morals, it is here in the statement of purpose that the seed is planted which offers ascend to the ‘shared set of beliefs’ that will decide the organisation’s atmosphere of assessment. (Ping, 1996) Surely without transparent inner

Global Supply Chain Managment (A critical analysis of a retail Essay

Worldwide Supply Chain Managment (A basic investigation of a retail organizations gracefully affixes and their capacity to climate the current financial atmosphere) - Essay Example The organization is additionally perhaps the biggest exporter and has its branches in different parts in different nations where it has extended its business effectively. The different items that the organization have resemble Lux, Wheel, Rin, Surf exceed expectations, Kwality Wall’s for dessert area and so on and a lot more brands in the class of tea, espresso, cleansers, individual consideration items, frozen yogurt. To have such a decent and wide system the organization has a decent gracefully chain the executives framework. In this report the gracefully chain system of the organization and its significance in the business procedure of the organization is been seen utilizing different speculations and ideas of flexibly chain the board. The successful utilization of gracefully chain and the procedure for execution of effective flexibly chain is been dissected in this article. For such a gigantic organization like Hindustan Unilever it needs to have a powerful gracefully chain the board and have a decent command over the flexibly chain arrange. The organization has a decent flexibly chain arrange and distinctive for towns and diverse for the urban areas. There are scarcely any issues identified with the gracefully chain system of the organization which can influence the organization and furthermore is influencing the organization in a tremendous manner. With the developing rivalry the organization needs to have a blunder free gracefully chain arrange so it can catch the greater part of the piece of the overall industry (James, Rowland-Jones and O’Brien, 2004, pp. 56-64). The issues that are influencing the gracefully chain system of the organization are been recorded beneath. Order’s are not getting satisfied appropriately as each retail shop is discovering deficiency of a few or the other specific item in their stores. This inaccessibility of thee item does influences the organization as the clients will in general purchase other brand items and HUL looses clients along these lines. This additionally makes the retailer to be less keen on selling other HUL items and he/she likes

How Selective Attention Works

How Selective Attention Works Theories Cognitive Psychology Print How We Use Selective Attention to Filter Information and Focus By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 31, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 06, 2019 Verywell / Emily Roberts More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Selective Visual Attention Selective Auditory Attention Theories of Selective Attention Filter Model Attenuation Theory Memory Selection Model Resource Theory Observations View All Back To Top Selective attention is the process of focusing on a particular object in the environment for a certain period of time. Attention is a limited resource, so selective attention allows us to tune out unimportant details and focus on what matters. This differs from inattentional blindness, which is when you focus hard on one thing and fail to notice unexpected things entering your visual field How Does Selective Attention Work? At any given moment, we are subjected to a constant barrage of sensory information. The blare of a car horn from the street outside,  the chatter of your friends, the click of the keys as you type a paper for school, the hum of the heater as it keeps your room warm on a brisk autumn day. But in most cases, we dont pay attention to each and every one of these sensory experiences. Instead, we center our attention on certain important elements of our environment while other things blend into the background or pass us by completely unnoticed. So how exactly do we decide what to pay attention to and what to ignore? Imagine that you are at a party for a friend hosted at a bustling restaurant. Multiple conversations, the clinking of plates and forks, and many other sounds compete for your attention. Out of all these noises, you find yourself able to tune out the irrelevant sounds and focus on the amusing story that your dinner partner shares. How do you manage to ignore certain stimuli and concentrate on just one aspect of your environment? This is an example of selective attention. Because our ability to attend to the things around us is limited in terms of both capacity and duration, we have to be picky about the things we pay attention to. Attention acts somewhat like a spotlight, highlighting the details that we need to focus on and casting irrelevant information to the sidelines of our perception. In order to sustain our attention to one event in everyday life, we must filter out other events, explains author Russell Revlin in his text Cognition: Theory and Practice. We must be selective in our attention by focusing on some events to the detriment of others. This is because attention is a resource that needs to be distributed to those events that are important.?? Selective Visual Attention There are two major models describing how visual attention works. The spotlight model works much like it soundsâ€"it proposes that visual attention works similar to that of a spotlight. Psychologist William James suggested that this spotlight includes a focal point in which things are viewed clearly. The area surrounding this focal point, known as the fringe, is still visible, but not clearly seen. Finally, the area outside of the fringe area of the spotlight is known as the margin.??The second approach is known as the zoom-lens model. While it contains all the same elements of the spotlight model, it also suggests that we are able to increase or decrease the size of our focus much like the zoom lens of a camera. However, a larger focus area also results in slower-processing since it includes more information so the limited attentional resources must be distributed over a larger area.?? Selective Auditory Attention Some of the best-known experiments on auditory attention are those performed by psychologist Colin Cherry. Cherry investigated how people are able to track certain conversations while tuning others out, a phenomenon he referred to as the cocktail party effect.?? In these experiments, two auditory messages were presented simultaneously with one presented to each ear. Cherry then asked participants to pay attention to a particular message, and then repeat back what they had heard. He discovered that the participants were able to easily pay attention to one message and repeat it, but when they were asked about the contents of the other message, they were unable to say anything about it. Cherry found that when contents of the unattended message were suddenly switched (such as changing from English to German mid-message or suddenly playing backward) very few of the participants even noticed. Interestingly, if the speaker of the unattended message switched from male to female (or vice versa) or if the message was swapped with a 400-Hz tone, the participants always noticed the change. Cherrys findings have been demonstrated in additional experiments. Other researchers have obtained similar results with messages including lists of words and musical melodies. Theories of Selective Attention Theories of selective attention tend to focus on when stimulus information is attended to, either early in the process or late. Broadbents Filter Model One of the earliest theories of attention was Donald Broadbents filter model. Building on the research conducted by Cherry, Broadbent used an information-processing metaphor to describe human attention. He suggested that our capacity to process information is limited in terms of capacity, and our selection of information to process takes place early on in the perceptual process.?? In order to do this, we utilize a filter to determine which information to attend to. All stimuli are first processed based upon physical properties that include color, loudness, direction, and pitch. Our selective filters then allow for certain stimuli to pass through for further processing while other stimuli are rejected. Treismans Attenuation Theory Treisman suggested that while Broadbents basic approach was correct, it failed to account for the fact that people can still process the meaning of attended messages. Treisman proposed that instead of a filter, attention works by utilizing an attenuator that identifies a stimulus based on physical properties or by meaning.?? Think of the attenuator like a volume controlâ€"you can turn down the volume of other sources of information in order to attend to a single source of information. The volume or intensity of those other stimuli might be low, but they are still present. In experiments, Treisman demonstrated that participants were still able to identify the contents of an unattended message, indicating that they were able to process the meaning of both the attended and unattended messages. Memory Selection Models Other researchers also believed that Broadbents model was insufficient and that attention was not based solely on a stimuluss physical properties. The cocktail party effect serves as a prime example. Imagine that you are at a party and paying attention to the conversation among your group of friends. Suddenly, you hear your name mentioned by a group of people nearby. Even though you were not attending to that conversation, a previously unattended stimulus immediately grabbed your attention based on meaning rather than physical properties.?? According to the memory selection theory of attention, both attended and unattended messages pass through the initial filter and are then sorted at a second-stage based upon the actual meaning of the messages contents. Information that we attend to based upon meaning is then passed into short-term memory. Resource Theories of Selective Attention More recent theories tend to focus on the idea of attention being a limited resource and how those resources are divvied up among competing sources of information. Such theories propose that we have a fixed amount of attention available and that we must then choose how we allocate our available attentional reserves among multiple tasks or events. Attentional-resources theory has been criticized severely as overly broad and vague. Indeed, it may not stand alone in explaining all aspects of attention, but it complements filter theories quite well, suggests Robert Sternberg in his text, Cognitive Psychology,  in summarizing the different theories of selective attention. Filter and bottleneck theories of attention seem to be more suitable metaphors for competing tasks that appear to be attentionally incompatible... Resource theory seems to be a better metaphor for explaining the phenomena of divided attention on complex tasks.?? Observations Several factors can influence selective attention in spoken messages. The location from where the sound originates can play a role. For example, you are probably more likely to pay attention to a conversation taking place right next to you rather than one several feet away. In his text, The Psychology of Attention, psychology professor Harold Pashler  notes that simply presenting messages to different ears will not lead to the selection of one message over the other. The two messages must have some sort of non-overlap in time in order for one to be selectively attended to over the other. As mentioned previously, changes in pitch can also play a role in selectivity.?? The number of auditory selections that must be tuned out in order to attend to one can make the process more difficult. Imagine that you are in a crowded room and many different conversations are taking place all around you. Selectively attending to just one of those auditory signals can be very difficult, even if the conversation is taking place nearby. Learn more about how attention works, some of the things you can do to improve your attention, and why we sometimes miss what is right in front of us.

The Importance Of Obtaining A Position Of Finance, The...

In today’s society, people attend colleges or universities, graduate and receive a degree in a specific interest. However, after earning a degree, many people find themselves lost as to which position or occupation is pertinent to their specialized vocation. In fact, the majority of individuals experience a difficult time obtaining employment in their career specialty and tend to settle for job outside their scope with a lower pay grade. Therefore, in order to be better prepared when searching for employment, people should conduct the proper research. Given the importance of obtaining a position that corresponds to one’s expertise and education, one will elaborate on the finance environment. In addition, one will discuss the types of†¦show more content†¦Therefore, if a person wants to obtain a career in the finance sector, he or she will need to pursue an education in finance. First, he or she would need to attend a finance program through a College or Univers ity. Which will teach him or her a comprehensive understanding of financial management, technological expertise, interpersonal skills, and professional insight, along with other curriculum requirements (Money Management International, 2015). Once he or she successfully completes the required courses and graduates, he or she will earn a degree. Now, depending on the level of education and expertise a person can obtain a bachelor’s or master’s degree. Of course, a person can further his or her expertise and opportunities for advancement by becoming certified. For instance, a person can become a Certified Financial Planner (CFP), Certified Financial analyst (CFA), and many other certifications, which can be obtain through specified organizations like the Financial Planner Board of Standards (Money Management International, 2015). In either, case in order to expand one’s opportunities for advancement or to ensure a prosperous future, individuals need to obtain an education in finance, as well as become certified. On account of, receiving an education and obtaining a degree and perhaps a certification, a person should search for available positions and occupations that are suitable for

Salvation is in the hands of the Sinner - 1625 Words

In the 16th century English morality play â€Å"Everyman† who’s author is unknown. Everyman has an encounter with death who reminds him who his maker is and that it is time to make a reckoning of his good and bad deeds. He realizes that salvation lies in his hands, and that it is a personal decision that only he can make. One senses the desperation in the heart of Everyman, having realized that his life was blackened with sin; he strives to change the black he has accumulated in the â€Å"book of counts† and change it to a book of white. Everyman feels like he must make atonement for his sin, in order to escape death, for salvation is in the hands of the sinner. Death is something everyone is familiar with and at the same time very much afraid of.†¦show more content†¦(213-214).When Everyman explains the journey that he will be traveling on, Fellowship tells Everyman that there was no way he could make a journey like that with him and runs away as fast as he could. Conley with MAA wrote, â€Å"The plot of Everyman obviously consists of a test of friendship made by a worldly young man when he suddenly learns that God has summoned him to his reckoning† (Conley, 1969, p. 374). Everyman finds out that friendship is not always what it appears to be when it comes to giving of one’s life. He still had not met the friend as David wrote in Proverbs, â€Å"A man of too many friends comes to ruin, but there is a friend who sticks closer than a brother† (Prov18:24). He then runs into Kindred and Cousin and makes an appeal to them, only to find that they to want no part of his journey. Everyman realizes that money cannot help him in his situation now as the author writes,† Where art thou, my Goods and riches? (391). Matson with John Hopkins writes, â€Å" Everymans emotional ups and downs as he faces brief elation followed by empty disappointment when one after another personified traits and virtues first champion, and then desert him† (Matson, 1957, p. 53). When one depends on just themselves, and the friends that they have come to know, one is only headed for disappointment when it comes to having someone standing by your side to the end. When Everyman meets up with his friend Goods, he tell him that hisShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Sinners In The Hands Of An Angry God915 Words   |  4 Pagesin his sermon, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God (July 8, 1741), claims that the unconverted are hanging from the hands of God, and can be dropped off to the eternity of hell, his sermon is used to make the sinners be afraid and understand how the p ower of God is saving them, but it is only for his pleasure, unless if they return to Christianity. Edwards strengths his argument by using metaphors and imagery of a wrathful God to make the unconverted people afraid of being sinners and encourage themRead MoreThe Core Beliefs That I Build My Life915 Words   |  4 Pagesguiding Hand that has been preserving Its purity. It is my belief that God offers us salvation through His Son. This salvation comes through His grace and by our faith in Him. Salvation can only be accomplished through first, acknowledging that you are a sinner. This accompanies a realization that you have done wrong, and that not only is no one else perfect, but neither are you. You must realize that there is a payment for our sins, which is an eternity in Hell. The second part of the salvation processRead MoreArguments Supporting Perseverance Of The Saints1308 Words   |  6 Pageselect, redeem, and restore a people for God’s glory.† Those who subscribe to such theology believe that God chose certain individuals to receive gift of salvation. Prior to receiving the gift of salvation, the recipients are dead in sin and unable to perceive the things of God (Eph. 2:1). According to this branch of soteriology, God causes sinners to become alive with Christ, and guarantees a spot in heaven with Christ for those who are in Christ. Paul stated: â€Å"But God, being rich in mercy, becauseRead More Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Essay940 Words   |  4 PagesJonathan Edwardss sermon, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God is moving and powerful. His effectiveness as an eighteenth century New England religious leader is rooted in his expansive knowledge of the Bible and human nature, as well as a genuine desire to awaken and save as many souls as possible. This sermon, delivered in 1741, exhibits Edwardss skillful use of these tools to persuade his congregation to join him in his Christian beliefs. As many religious leaders before and after himRead MoreThe Doctrine Of Salvation And Salvation1074 Words   |  5 PagesDOCTRINE OF SALVATION INTRODUCTION This week we have studied soteriology or the doctrine of salvation. Salvation must be grounded in the work of Christ and is how God saves what was lost to sin and death and restores life. Salvation is called many things, i.e. redemption, resurrection, victory, peace, rebirth, or ransom. However, the New Testament contains two primary descriptions of salvation, the arrival of God’s kingdom and justification of the ungodly by faith in Christ. (Lecture 2). This paperRead MoreMan s Understanding Of The World915 Words   |  4 Pagesfree will of man is also seen within the acceptance of the gospel message. God does not force the free gift of salvation on anybody, but rather asks them to willingly accept it. When the sinner is confronted with the gospel message he must choose whether he wants to accept salvation or pay the penalty with eternal punishment in the lake of fire. God wants all men to accept the gift of salvation but He wants them to do it willingly. He has not created men to be mindless servants that obey all He commandsRead MoreTheological Debate in the Bible1656 Words   |  7 Pagescapable in its own capacity to believe the gospel unto salvation. The sinner is ignorant to the things that pertain to God. Man’s overall nature is corrupt and he does not have free-will because he is bound to his naturally evil tendencies with the result being that he will always choose evil over good. The next idea is that of â€Å"unconditional election.† Because of God’s sovereign will, He chose particular individuals to partake in salvation before the world was created. This choice was not basedRead MoreSimilarities Between Christianity And Christianity1486 Words   |  6 Pagescan have a personal relationship with God, God is a forgiving God and salvation is through Jesus Christ only. One of the supreme aspect that separates Christianity from the rest of the world religions is the fact that Christians believe Jesus is the Messiah. Several other religions, such as Islam and Baha’i, believe Jesus to be a prophet or a manifestation of God but not the Messiah (Corduan, 2012, p. 115, 172). On the other hand, Judaism does not believe that Jesus was the Messiah nor a prophetRead MoreReverend Edwards And The Great Awakening923 Words   |  4 PagesIt is year 1741, in Enfield, Connecticut, and Puritan Pastor Jonathan Edwards gives one of his best sermons- Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God. Reverend Edwards was a religious leader during â€Å"The Great Awakening†, a time of spiritual revival, and desperately wanted all of his congregation to have faith, and be saved in the Heavenly Father. As a result, Edwards crafted a sermon rich in figurative language. By constructing a sermon that relied heavily on imagery and repetition Edwards created anRead MoreTh e First Great Awakening And The Age Of Enlightenment1663 Words   |  7 Pagesknown as the First Great Awakening swept through Protestant Europe and America, leaving a permanent impact on Protestantism. Furthermore, during the First Great Awakening, American colonists gained a deeper sense of personal revelation through the salvation of Jesus Christ. Unlike the Age of Enlightenment, the Great Awakening introduced Christianity into the American colonies as well as reshaping many different churches such as the Dutch Reformed Church, Presbyterian Church, German denominations, and

Contents of a Dead Mans Packets Free Essays

In the story â€Å"Contents of a Dead Man’s Pocket† written by Jack Finney, the main character named Tom goes through a near death experience causing him to realize that ambitions are not all that life is about, that his job is not more important than his wife, and that he is missing out on life because of his ambitions. The conflict in this story is a man versus self because Tom’s ambition clouded his judgement into believing that his job was more important than his life, so important that he risked his life for it. Additionally, a conflict that comes up is how the husband spends oo much time on his work, he is focused too much on his job that he ignores his life. We will write a custom essay sample on Contents of a Dead Mans Packets or any similar topic only for you Order Now This takes away time with wife, Clare, who goes out alone often because Tom claims he has to work. Clare says, â€Å"You work too much, though, Tom, and too hard. † But Tom thinks to himself â€Å"it was not actually true that he had to work tonight, though he very much wanted to†¦ this was his own project†¦ and it could be postponed. † This shows that he thinks more about his job that anything else, its his main ambition which gives him time for anything else. He is missing out on life and time with his wife while he can still spend time with her. After his near death experience of almost falling from an apartment twenty stories high, he realizes this and goes out to meet her at the movie. Also, he cannot get back inside of his apartment after climbing out the window from his 20th floor apartment for the slip of paper that flew out the window that had all his observations and notes for a new grocery store display method because the window closed down on him and he also cannot reach the slip of paper he went after. He is able to et the slip of paper right before he is about to fall but regains his balance. As he slowly makes his way back along the ledge of the building towards the window, the window shuts closed on him when he reaches it. As he stands out in the cold he begins to think and realize things. â€Å"He thought of all the evenings he had spent away from her, working, and he regretted them. He thought wonderingly of his fierce am bition and of the direction his life had taken; he thought of the hours he’d spent by himself, filling the yellow sheet that had brought him out here. Contents of the dead man’s pockets, he thought with sudden fierce anger, a wasted life. † Furthermore, he now understood that he wasted all that time on his work while really accomplishing nothing. He had wasted precious moments that he could have spent with his wife that now he would not have a chance to do, it was too late. There would be nothing to remember him by, no accomplishments, no memories. After finally being able to get back into his apartment by breaking the window he knows what he has been missing out on, his thoughts are not clouded by his need to work anymore. He understands that life was not meant to be spent working to have a life, it was meant to be with ones you love. When he gets back into his apartment he proves that he is a changed man by going out to catch up with his wife to see the movie. And the fact that he laughs and ignors the paper flew back out the window when he opened the door to leave that he had just retrieved from outside is proof that his job is not his main thought anymore. Tom’s near death experience helped him to understand that work is not more important than his life, that he should make the most f of life because if he does not he will die one day and leave nothing behind. There will be nothing for his wife, no money and no memories, the world will forget him, he will have nothing to show for himself. He realizes that his wife is important, that he has forgotten about having a life, and that he he has been wasting it by working for nothing. He works too much and yet there is nothing to show for it. In the end he changes his ways and goes out to live his life, to enjoy life, and spend time with his wife while he can. How to cite Contents of a Dead Mans Packets, Papers

Understanding the Influence of Imperialism on World Cultures through Literature and Arts

Introduction Through arts and literary pieces, people know much about a country’s culture and its relationship with other countries’ history. Imperialism had significant effects on world cultures. Colonization by western countries led to significant changes in the cultural practices of the developing countries (Said 123). Among the cultures influenced by the imperialism included the African culture, Latin American culture, and the Middle East culture.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding the Influence of Imperialism on World Cultures through Literature and Arts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A person that grew up in one of the Hispanic countries can understand the history of the Hispanic culture. As Spaniards continued expanding their territory in the Latin American countries, they influenced the natives’ way of life leading to most of the Latin Americans abandoning their culture a nd adopting the Hispanic culture. The interaction led to changes in language, architecture, and cuisine just to mention but a few (Gray 231-238). The same happened to most of the other cultures across the globe that came into direct interaction with the western culture. The best way of identifying how imperialism influenced artworks and literatures from different places is by comparing some of the artworks and literatures with the western culture. Effects of imperialism Imperialism and social bond Imperialism had a significant influence on the social bond within the African communities. Traditionally, Africans were known for having strong attachment to their families and children. Nevertheless, interaction with the western culture led to Africans losing their attachment to family and relatives. Salih confessed, â€Å"†¦something rather like fog [to rise] up between them and me the first instance I saw them† (45). This confession showed how Salih was detached from his fam ily and relatives after living in Britain for some time. Interaction with the western culture made him abandon his African culture. Besides, Mustafa Sa’eed, one of the characters in the novel â€Å"Season of Immigration to the North†, went to the extent of sexually assaulting and killing a British woman. The seven years that Mustafa spent in Britain made him lose both the self-respect and respect for others, particular women. He could tell false stories about Africa just to lure the British women into having sexual affairs with him. African culture respected sex and no one could engage in sexual offences. Nevertheless, interaction with the European culture led to Africans gradually taking sexuality with less seriousness than before. While the Africans considered sex as sacred, the western culture did not take it too serious and everyone could engage in it without fear (Prendergast 78).Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Africans who visited the western countries lost their touch with the African culture and adapted the western culture. Hence, they started seeing matters touching on sex and sexuality as normal. People like Mustafa could go about sleeping with every woman without fear. They no longer valued sex and sexuality, and thus they were not attached to people they could call their wives. Effects of imperialism on languages Imperialism had a significant effect on the African languages. As the Europeans continued their colonization in Africa, they introduced the English language. Eventually, some of the Africans started seeing their languages as inferior and yearned to learn the English language. To most of the Africans, it was hard to surmount the world if one did not understand English; hence, they were willing to do all it takes to learn the language. In South Africa, the colonial government ensured that it taught the Africans using the Afrikaans language (Jameson 65-69). Teaching them in English would have made it hard for the British to control the Africans. However, as Africans interacted with the British people, they learnt how significant the English language was. Eventually, they staged demonstrations to push the colonial government into teaching them in English. Numerous students died in the process, as they demanded to be taught in English. Eventually, the Africans abandoned their language and adopted English. English became the official language of communication not only in the African countries, but also in most of the countries across the globe. Apart from adopting the English language as the language of communication, imperialism contributed to people learning varied languages to ease their communication. Eventually, most of the developing countries became multilingual where people could communicate in the language that they found comfortable. In â€Å"Midaq Alley†, Faraj posits, â€Å"†¦I kept telling them that they can’t learn a language just by memorizing words and phrases. The only way to learn is by experience† (Mahfouz 123). This assertion shows how people were determined to learn other languages to facilitate communication during the imperialism era. People struggled to get employment since they believed that the best place to learn other languages was at workplaces. Here, one could interact with people from different parts thus getting a better chance to learn different languages. Stereotyping During the era of imperialism, the Europeans came up with a stereotype that the Middle Eastern government was marred by inefficiency and corruption. Actually, the Europeans went to the extent of claiming that Turks and the Arabs could not make a good government (Mitchell 103). On the contrary, traditionally, the Middle East was popular for appropriate governance and civilization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding the Influe nce of Imperialism on World Cultures through Literature and Arts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, the Ottoman Empire that ruled most of the Europe hailed from the Middle East. In the nineteenth century, some European writers came up with articles painting the Middle Eastern leaders as naturally lazy and corrupt (Mitchell 105), while on the other hand, they painted the European leaders as naturally capable and morally upright. These writings led to most of the people in the Middle Eastern region changing their perception towards their leaders. Eventually, they ceased supporting their own people and supported the European leaders. For the British Empire to establish itself in India and Egypt, it came up with allegations that people in these countries could not enjoy democracy and liberty due to poor leadership. The British imperialists used this stereotype to justify their takeover in India and Egypt claiming that they wer e trying to improve the living standards of the locals in the two states (Mitchell 113). Effects of imperialism on architecture Imperialism had a significant effect on architecture. As the British went on establishing new territories in the Middle East, they introduced novel technologically advanced building techniques. In India for instance, they introduced new building materials that the Indians embraced to enhance their cultural building techniques. The British highly valued the early Indian culture and its artifacts such as architecture. Consequently, they retained most of the traditional architects in the country. On the other hand, the Indians used varied architectural buildings for various roles. Some worked as the dwelling places for their gods. Ghosh Amitav, in â€Å"Sea of Poppies†, brought out the significance of some of their buildings. Kabutri asked her mother, â€Å"Are you going to put it in the puja room?† (Ghosh 65), after her mother saw a ship that as tonished her. She had never seen such a ship before and thought that it had some significant meaning that she needed to preserve. The British introduced new architectural techniques in the country. These novel techniques essentially altered not only the meaning and role, but also the general appearance and the perception of architecture among the British and the Indians. Both the Indians and the British had significant effects on each other’s cultures, continually changing people’s morals, values, spiritual, and scientific understandings. Granted, the British experienced less swift stinging and emotional changes in their lives. Nevertheless, there was an in-depth change, even though slight, it is actually measurable (Petras 139-142). As the Indians adapted British opinions, words, and tastes that they found desirable, numerous British architectural symbols started appearing in India. The Indians were adopting these architectural symbols to help in improving their socia l status.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They started establishing structures such as, libraries, railroad stations, and public facilities (Petras 145-148). Most of the Indians were not willing to embrace these changes. However, as the need for economic development intensified, they started seeing the importance of having such structures, thus supported the establishment of the same. Change of perception concerning other cultures Even though people living in the Western countries saw images of the Eastern countries in varied paintings and literary works, the images were significantly similar from the two sources. Furthermore, the images were significantly different from what the Western countries knew before (Phillipson 162-164). Prior to the advent of imperialism in the Middle East, the French and the British literature and art presented the Middle East as entirely different from Europe. However, in the late nineteenth century as well as early twentieth century, British literature and art presented the Middle East as a re gion that was not only different from Europe, but also a complete opposite of the European culture (Phillipson 166-167). This perception justified imperialism as everybody in Europe started seeing the Middle East as inferior. Paintings portraying women in â€Å"harem† and men that had non-European characteristics further tainted the image of the Middle East culture. European men were responsible for coming up with these paintings. They had little idea on how an upper-class woman in the Middle East looked like. Hence, they just used their imaginations to come up with paintings that represented these women. Effects of imperialism on Economy Imperialism had a significant impact on the economy. In Africa, imperialism helped women become self-reliant economically. Initially, women could not engage in any activity geared towards generating income. Instead, they depended on their husbands for support. The role of a woman was to remain at home and look after the family. Nevertheless, with the onset of imperialism, women started engaging in income generating activities and they could be employed. In â€Å"Midaq Alley†, Mahfouz quotes a woman called Hamida, who envies the employed women. Hamida posits, â€Å"If you had seen the factory girls, you should just see those Jewish girls who go to work† (Mahfouz 115). In this context, Mahfouz shows how imperialism led to improvement in the economic status of the colonized countries. Initially, women hardly wore elegant clothes since they could not afford them. Besides, their husbands could not buy for them lovely clothes since they had other responsibilities to attend to like providing for the family. However, with the onset of imperialism and colonization, the culture of women staying at home to look after the family ended. Some of the liberated women could now participate in employed activities and generate some income thus raising their social and economic status. Imperialism led to women becoming indep endent financially, thus reliving them from exploitation by their husbands. In a way, this element fueled the desire by women to remain single. Mahfouz quoted Mrs. Afify claiming that employment rescued her from the bitterness of marriage; she said, â€Å"No more of the bitterness of marriage† (123). Mrs. Afify spent most of her time in her financial activities. Consequently, she had limited time to think about her unmarried life. According to her, she believed that every man was out to spend her money and mistreat her in the end as her previous husband did. Consequently, she was not ready to get married again. Conclusion Imperialism had significant effects on the world culture. It had significant effects on language, architecture, economy, social bond, and led to stereotyping. Due to imperialism, the western countries made their languages appear official, and thus most of their colonies had to adopt the foreign languages as their official language. In India, imperialism led to the Indians adopting the British architecture. The British introduced new architectural facilities like libraries; moreover, courtesy of imperialism, women started participating in income generating projects, while traditionally they remained at home to look after the family. Imperialism led to countries changing their perceptions concerning other cultures. Western countries saw the Middle East culture as inferior. In addition, imperialism led to disintegration of the social bond among the Africans. Works Cited Ghosh, Amitav. Sea of Poppies. London: Penguin, 2009. Print. Gray, Mel. â€Å"Dilemmas of international social work: paradoxical processes in indigenization, universalism and imperialism.† International Journal of Social Welfare 14.3 (2005): 231-238. Print. Jameson, Fredric. â€Å"Third-World literature in the era of multinational capitalism.† Social Text 15.1 (1997): 65-69. Print. Mahfouz, Naguib. Midaq Alley. New York: Anchor, 1992. Print. Mitchell, Timothy . Colonizing Egypt. New York:   Cambridge University Press, 1991. Print. Petras, James. â€Å"Cultural imperialism in the late 20th century.† Journal of Contemporary Asia 23.2 (1997): 139-148. Print. Phillipson, Robert. â€Å"Linguistic imperialism: African perspectives.† ELT Journal 50.2 (1996): 160-167. Print. Prendergast, Christopher. Debating World Literature. New York: Prentice Hall, 2004. Print. Said, Edward.  Orientalism. New York:   Pantheon, 1978. Print. Salih, Tayeb. Season of Migration to the North. New York: NYRB Classics, 2009. Print. This essay on Understanding the Influence of Imperialism on World Cultures through Literature and Arts was written and submitted by user Joseph Parrish to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The Impact Of Jewish Immigration

The Contrast of French and Spanish Missionaries â€Å"Ethical religion can be real only to those who are engaged in ceaseless efforts at moral improvement. By moving upward we acquire faith in an upward movement, without limit." (Felix Adler (1851-1933), American educator) Since the beginning of colonial expansion, the missionaries believed in the divine right to evangelize the natives in the new world. By converting the natives the missionaries believed that they will reach eternal salvation. However, the missionaries’ methods were split into two different prospective. The Spaniards believed in the concept of control by force and the French believed in conversion through negotiation and sincerer affection. The relationships shared between these missionaries and the Native Americans were an essential part of successful evangelization. During the Spanish colonization and expansionism the monarch funded the churches to sear out possible evangelization and development of ecclesiastical establishments in the new world. The monarchs believed that the conversion to the Christian creed in the new world would be the stepping stone to establishing unionized Christianity, in the Spaniards case it was the preservation of Catholic creed. One of the areas which the Spanish missionaries hoped to find opportunity of evangelization was in New Mexico. There they found the villages of Pueblo Indians. According to Winthrop S. Hudson, the Franciscans portrayed them selves as a superior and wonder-works in order to get the respect as authorities from the Indians by staging dramatic plays in which the Indian greets the priest by kissing his feet. By acquiring authority over them it made the processes of creating a strict flame work of Christian moral behavior easier to force onto the Pueblos. They believed that through monitoring and accommodations of their behavior it will reach their soul. These modifications were made especially in sexual behaviors... Free Essays on The Impact Of Jewish Immigration Free Essays on The Impact Of Jewish Immigration The Contrast of French and Spanish Missionaries â€Å"Ethical religion can be real only to those who are engaged in ceaseless efforts at moral improvement. By moving upward we acquire faith in an upward movement, without limit." (Felix Adler (1851-1933), American educator) Since the beginning of colonial expansion, the missionaries believed in the divine right to evangelize the natives in the new world. By converting the natives the missionaries believed that they will reach eternal salvation. However, the missionaries’ methods were split into two different prospective. The Spaniards believed in the concept of control by force and the French believed in conversion through negotiation and sincerer affection. The relationships shared between these missionaries and the Native Americans were an essential part of successful evangelization. During the Spanish colonization and expansionism the monarch funded the churches to sear out possible evangelization and development of ecclesiastical establishments in the new world. The monarchs believed that the conversion to the Christian creed in the new world would be the stepping stone to establishing unionized Christianity, in the Spaniards case it was the preservation of Catholic creed. One of the areas which the Spanish missionaries hoped to find opportunity of evangelization was in New Mexico. There they found the villages of Pueblo Indians. According to Winthrop S. Hudson, the Franciscans portrayed them selves as a superior and wonder-works in order to get the respect as authorities from the Indians by staging dramatic plays in which the Indian greets the priest by kissing his feet. By acquiring authority over them it made the processes of creating a strict flame work of Christian moral behavior easier to force onto the Pueblos. They believed that through monitoring and accommodations of their behavior it will reach their soul. These modifications were made especially in sexual behaviors...

Books By and About Marian Wright Edelman

Books By and About Marian Wright Edelman Some books by and about Marian Wright Edelman: Print Bibliography Marian Wright Edelman. The State of Americas Children, Yearbook 2002. Marian Wright Edelman. Im Your Child, God: Prayers for Our Children. 2002. Marian Wright Edelman. Guide My Feet: Prayers and Meditations for Our Children. 2000. Marian Wright Edelman. The State of Americans Children: Yearbook 2000 - A Report from the Childrens Defense Fund. 2000. Marian Wright Edelman. The State of Americas Children: A Report from the Childrens Defense Fund: Yearbook 1998. Marian Wright Edelman. Lanterns: A Memoir of Mentors. 1999. Marian Wright Edelman. The Measure of Our Success: A Letter to My Children Yours. 1992. Marian Wright Edelman. I Dream a World. 1989. Marian Wright Edelman. Families in Peril: An Agenda For Social Change. 1987. Marian Wright Edelman. Stand for Children. 1998. Ages 4-8. Joann Johansen Burch. Marian Wright Edelman: Childrens Champion. 1999. Ages 4-8. Wendie C. Old. Marian Wright Edelman: Fighter for Childrens Rights. 1995. Young Adult. Beatrice Siegel. Marian Wright Edelman: The Making of a Crusader. 1995. Ages 9-12. Andrew Carroll, editor. Introduction by Marian Wright Edelman. Letters of a Nation: A Collection of Extraordinary American Letters. Reprint 1999. Susan Skog, editor. Embracing Our Essence: Spiritual Conversations With Prominent Women. 1995.

Analysis of the American Cancer Society and General Motor Company Ltd Essay

Analysis of the American Cancer Society and General Motor Company Ltd - Essay Example   The American Cancer Society is mainly funded by donors, including the World Bank and various support groups. The World Bank is the society’s largest funder. The society also receives funds from the services that they offer to the cancer patients (Epstein, 2011). Other sources of funding for ACS include investment income, grants, and contributions from well-wishers. The operations of the organization are mainly run through volunteers drawn from all over the United States of America (American Cancer Society, 2011). The ACS is exempt from the taxpayer status, Form 990 of the year 2009 that the Society is a 501 (c) (3) organization which exempt from any tax obligations to the state. This status was granted in 2009 (American Cancer Society, 2011). Ethical issue The ACS, like all other organizations faces various challenges. One of the greatest challenges affecting ACS is self-interest. Investigations conducted on the ACS reveal that the Society has previously shown more interes t in profits than on cancer prevention. In 2005 the ACS estimated that at least 1.37 million new cases of cancer were diagnosed. However, it is alleged that instead of intensifying research on new methods for preventing and combating cancer, the Society focused more on profiting from cancer grants (Isaacs, 2010). For example, an Occupy Wall Street report alleges that the ACS has put a greater financial emphasis on radiation and chemotherapy research than on life-saving prevention methods. ACS faces allegations citing that has focused largely on conventional medication techniques for treating cancer instead of preventive techniques. The accusations also include discrediting physician research on cancer preventive techniques. As such the society is unethical for trying to make money out of the large numbers of cancer patients through chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which are considered unhealthy (Epstein, 2011). Causes One of the greatest causes of this situation stems from the ACSâ₠¬â„¢s culture of working with various stakeholders and particularly giving greater consideration to the views of the organization’s financial supporters (Epstein, 2011). The Society’s financial ties with the drug industry have skewed its policies regarding the environmental causes of cancer and the best approaches to managing it. This interest makes the fight against cancer difficult and has been linked to the increase in cancer deaths and incidences as sufficient preventive strategies have not been put in place because many drug companies discourage it (Isaacs, 2010). While the drug industry wants to make money selling therapeutic drugs and equipment, the ACS wishes to continue benefitting from the considerable financial support it gets from the organizations as well as profits from patient treatments. The other likely cause for the American Cancer Society’s preference for therapeutic methods is that cancer research is quite costly, especially research for prev entive techniques. The organization seems to endorse both chemotherapy and radiotherapy techniques because they are a cheaper alternative in terms of research costs. A lot of research findings justifying the methods have already been provided both by the ACS and many drug companies.  Ã‚  

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Tutor Signature: Date: Table of Contents Introduction 4 Theoretical Background 5 Advantages and Disadvantages of E-commerce 6 E-business strategies 8 Implementation Challenges 12 Conclusion 13 References 15 Introduction With the evolution of technology and introduction of the Internet, there is great change in the business environment. Every organization whether it is large or small scale, is trying to adopt and incorporate in business models based on technology into their system. This adoption of web based technology in the business lead to the emergence of E-commerce. In the current business scenario, e-commerce playing a crucial role and changed the way business is conducted around the globe. E-commerce is forcing the companies to find the new ways of expanding their market in which they compete (Plant 2000). To compete and sustain in the new markets, it become more crucial for the organization to not only attract the customers, but also to retain by tailoring the products and ser vices according to their needs and demand. Apart from redefining the products and services, organizations are also forced to restructure their business processes in order to deliver the products and services more effectively and efficiently (Reynolds 2004). ... In this report two business models has been used- McCarthy’s four marketing mix model and Porter’s five forces model to identify the strategies for organizations which want to enter in the field of e-commerce. The overall goal of this study is provide significant insights onto the challenges and advantages of e-commerce and business strategies. Theoretical Background (a) McCarthy’s Four Marketing Mix Model As per the McCarthy, a firm defines its marketing strategies after identifying the target market for its products or services. On the basis of the target market, organization then develops a marketing mix is a combination of product, price, promotion, and place designed according to the target market with the aim of enhancing the sales (Blythe 2009). The unique marketing mix allows the organization to sustain and compete more effectively, thus ensures the profitability and sustainability. For example, by offering different products with an attractive sales prom otion and effective logistics, a firm can increase its sales and revenues. This concept is also applicable on the e-commerce, and organizations working in this field are required to develop strategies for their target market by taking the unique nature of online marketing into the consideration (Napier et al 2006). (b) Porter’s Five Competitive Forces Model This five competitive forces model of Porter’s says that every organization develop its business strategies with the aim of gaining competitive advantage over its competitors. Organization can develop its strategies by focusing on five primary forces: (a) threat of new entrants, (b) rivalry among existing firms within an industry, (c) the Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3 Strategic management - Essay Example (p. 96) They are pivotal in generating competitive advantage because they reinforce an organization’s functions such as marketing, production or research and development. For instance, in the marketing department, the strategy would work by featuring real-life customers in direct-response print and television advertisements that would steer them towards the company website. In the application of a functional management strategy, the functions as well as the roles assigned will be able to manage corporate level strategies and their activities in such a way that they optimize their functional performance resulting to positive results that contribute to the overall company performance. Ray maintained that there are two kinds of competitive management strategies: the offensive and defensive strategies. The first is concerned with the strategy that usually takes place in an established competitor’s market location, while the latter takes place in the organization’s own current market position as a defense against possible attacks by a rival. (p. 13) However, the case is, the goal is the same: to secure market share, acquire new customers, maintain current ones and cultivate customer loyalty. In the case of this company, a combination of these two strategies would be used, although with more emphasis on the offensive strategy, considering the fact that most of its products claim less than 3 percent of the market, with only one product dominating 40 percent in its own market location. In terms of offensive strategy, the competitive advantage that drives the attraction of new customers is fuelled by innovation and customer value. Currently, the focus of t he organization on innovation has been reaping rewards already. According to Pieper, corporate strategy is the setting of a company’s long-term goals, major policies and plans, and the

The Benefits of Medical Marijuana Essay -- Pro Marijuana Legalization

INTRODUCTION Marijuana, also known as weed, hemp, cannabis, pot, herb, grass, etc., is the most common illegal drug in the United States. Marijuana is also known to be a gateway drug because it can lead people to do more serious drugs. Marijuana is a dried plant often smoked like a cigarette or in a bong or pipe. A common argument today is why marijuana should be legalized for medicinal purposes. Although some will claim marijuana should not be legalized for medicinal purposes because it has harmful effects and is a gateway drug, I feel that it should be legalized. Marijuana should be legalized for medicinal purposes because it has many positive effects on diseases and health conditions. Marijuana should also be legalized for medicinal purposes because it is safer and less toxic than many other drugs that physicians are prescribing every day. For over 10,000 years, the marijuana plant has been used by humans. Marshall (2005) stated, â€Å"The first record of human consumption of marijuana for medicinal or recreational purposes dates back to 2737 B.C., when the Chinese emperor Shen Neng recorded the use of cannabis to treat gout, malaria, beriberi, rheumatism and poor memory.† (p.136). In India, marijuana was being used for medicinal purposes by 1500 B.C., in Greece by 70 A.D., and by the early 1500’s in Europe. (Marshall, 2005, p.136). Over centuries, it continued to grow around the world as people used it for different reasons. Seppa (2010) reported that today medicinal marijuana is legally used to treat different medical conditions in fourteen states in the United States. This requires some paper work and a recommendation from a doctor stating the medicinal purpose of the marijuana. If the patient does not w... ...ription and OTC drugs. Retrieved August 15, 2010, from http://blog.marijuanamedicine.com/?p=50 Marshall, P. (2005, February 11). Marijuana laws. CQ Researcher, 15, 125-148. Retrieved July 30, 2010, from CQ Researcher Online. http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/cqresrre2005021100. Seppa, N. (2010, June 19). Not just a high: Scientists test medicinal marijuana against MS, inflammation and cancer. Science News, 177 (13), p. 16(5). Retrieved July 30, 2010, from Academic OneFile via Gale. University of California - San Diego (2007, October 25). Smoked cannabis proven effective in treating neuropathic pain. ScienceDaily. Retrieved August 15, 2010, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071024141745.htm Wilson, C. (2005). Miracle weed. New Scientist, 185, 38-41. Retrieved July 30, 2010, from OmniFile Full Text Select database.

Batterd Woman’s Syndrome

Shrouded in myth, distortions and grotesque stereotypes the public profile of a battered woman who kills her intimate partner is a misunderstood phenomenon. Throughout the course of history women were viewed as property, powerless victims of a patriarchal social political and legal system. Family television programs in the 1950’s satirized while minimizing aspects of spousal abuse.Comedian Jackie Gleason portrayed the beloved character Ralph Cramdon and memorialized the prime time phrase while chastising his small screen wife. â€Å"To the moon with you Alice,† red-faced and frantically waving a balled up fist at the now passive Alice.The scene was punctuated with the live audience roaring with laughter at the comedian’s folly. Acts of partner violence were committed behind closed doors in the family home. The criminal justice system offered scant protection to victims of spousal abuse. Assaults committed behind closed doors went unreported viewed as private fami ly matters. The criminal justice system could offer no protection to victims of spousal abuse. On the contrary victims of domestic violence were shunned and shamed into suffering in fear and collective silence.Those bold enough to ask for protection from abuse were turned away if not legally married to their abuser. However, the pleas of countless nameless faceless victims of domestic violence were honored with the unyielding commitment of grassroots advocates in the 1970’s and 1980’s. Dr Lenore Walker, a renowned forensic psychologist, feminist and researcher established the concept of â€Å"Battered Woman’s Syndrome (BWS)† According to Walker, the rubric of BWS consists of two co-existing elements: â€Å"The cycle of domestic violence and classic symptoms of learned helplessness† (Walker1984).Walker’s concept of Battered Woman’s Syndrome emerged as a component in legal defenses, â€Å"when battered women killed in self defense†(Walker 2004). According to Walker BWS â€Å"‘describes a pattern of psychological and behavioral symptoms found in women in battering relationships’†{Balkin(2005)}. Battered Woman’s Syndrome is not a sanctioned legal defense. However, it is recognized as,â€Å" part of the doctrine of self-defense so as to establish the belief of the woman that she was in danger of death or bodily injury†(National Clearinghouse for the Defense of Battered Women (2006).According to Battered Woman’s Syndrome attorney, Mira Mihajiovich, â€Å"testimony concerning BWS is used to support a battered woman’s self-defense claim, not to explain away her actions or give her a special defense that would allow her to ‘destroy her tormentor at her own discretion†(Balkin 2005). At the heart of the Battered Woman’s Syndrome phenomenon is desperation and gut wrenching terror. To fully grasp BWS one must embrace the framework and emotionally char ged dynamics associated with chronic abuse and spousal battering.Domestic violence is described by the National Center for Victims of Crimes as, â€Å"the willful intimidation, assault, battery, sexual assault or other abusive behaviors perpuiated by an intimate partner against another†(Domestic Violence Facts; National Collation against Domestic Violence 2001). Although the concept of Battered Woman’s Syndrome emerged in the 1970’s the â€Å"U. S. legal system was slow to accept BWS as a factor in the self defense pleas of battered women accused of murdering their batterers†(Balkin 2005).Prior to the late 1980’s an abused woman’s â€Å"psychological state and the brutality and violence she suffered at the hands of her batterer could not be used at her trial†(Balkin 2005). However, with public education and exposure to domestic abuse the rays of enlightenment expanded into the wooden paneled courtrooms nationwide. In Robinson v. State the Court examined the merits of the â€Å"Battered Spouse Syndrome in relation to the specific elements of self defense in a homicide case.The Court found ‘the unique perceptions of a defendant suffering from battered woman’s syndrome are generally compatible with the law of the State regarding self-defense’†(Robinson v State 308 S. C. 74, 417 S. E. 2d 88(1992). Battered Woman's Syndrome has appeared as a component of the criminal trial process since the late 1970s. Testimony presented by experts in the field must be qualified by the Court before offering testify on the role the syndrome played in the homicide. The landmark case that opened the door for the use of Battered Woman's Syndrome (BWS) was State of Oregon v.Kelly (1985). The Court concluded in State v Kelly that, â€Å"BWS is admissible to aid juries in assessing a defendant's perception of danger posed by the abuser†(State v Kelly (1985). The 4th Circuit Court of Appeals for South Carol ina Court’s reasoning in Grubb v State was compatible with South Carolina’s Annotated Code 17-23-170(2001) which governs the â€Å"admissibility of expert testimony of the battered spouse syndrome†(Grubb v State 2003). Battered Woman’s Syndrome was first recognized in South Carolina when the S. C.Supreme Court in State v. Hill, 287 S. C. 398, 339 S. E. 2d 121(1986) held, â€Å" that expert testimony about battered spouse syndrome is admissible to establish a claim of self-defense in a homicide case. The Court further recognized that an, â€Å"emerging trend in other jurisdictions that find ‘the testimony is relevant to the issue of self-defense and highly probative of the defendant’s state of mind at the time of the incident’† (Id. At 400,339 S. E. 2d at 122). The Court echoed the Grubbs decision in Robinson v State 308 S.C. 74, 417 S. E. 2d 88(1992) â€Å"examining the battered spouse syndrome in relation to the specific elem ents of self-defense in a homicide case. † â€Å"The Court found ‘the unique perceptions of a defendant suffering from battered woman’s syndrome are generally compatible with the law of this State regarding self-defense†( Id at 78,417 S. E. 2d at 91). It was judicial decisions such as these that established battered woman’s syndrome as a sanctioned legal premise. The South Carolina Court in Robinson v. State concluded:Our interpretation of the relationship between the battered woman’s syndrome and self-defense is cursory, at best, and should not be construed as this Court’s last word on the subject. Our law will continue to evolve as the scientific community’s understanding of the battered woman’s syndrome develops and society’s comprehension of the condition becomes more sophisticated† (Robinson v. State Id at 80,417 S. E. 2d at 92(1992). Bolstering this trend setting precedent was found in Section 17-23-170 of the South Carolina Code governing the â€Å"admissibility of expert testimony on battered woman’s syndrome states:(A) Evidence that the actor was suffering from the battered spouse syndrome is admissible in a criminal action on the issue of whether the actor lawfully acted in self-defense, defense of another, defense of necessity, or defense of duress. This section does not preclude the admission of testimony on battered spouse syndrome in other criminal actions {S. C. Code Ann. & 17-23-170 (Supp. 2001). Although great strides have been forged in the judicial arena a universal acceptance of the validity and application of BWS in spousal homicide cases does not exist.The 5th Circuit Court of Appeals in Texas argued in Dixon v. U. S. expert testimony on BWS was â€Å"‘inherently subjective, and inadmissible to prove duress’† (Dixon v. U. S. 413 F. 3d 520 5th Cir. 2005). Testimony on BWS is recognized in 31 states giving rise to the quandary as to why som e jurisdictions embrace the concept while others rebuke it. â€Å"There’s a lot of skepticism with any type of psychiatric testimony and some Court’s are unconvinced that mental disorders and or emotional disorders are justifications for committing a crime {Walker (20060}.Some in the field raise concerns that widespread acceptance of BWS may lead to an increase in â€Å"false or exaggerated abuse claims† (Dixon (2006). â€Å"Many months after killing her husband, a woman may lie to an evaluating psychologist before trial, faking symptoms like depression and anxiety† (Dixon 2006). Domestic Violence and Battered Woman’s Syndrome Facts: 1. In 2000, an intimate partner killed 1,247 women and 440 men {U. S Dept of Justice (2005)}. In 1999, 74%or 1,218 or the 1,642 persons murdered by an intimate partner were female (Rennison, U. S.Dept of Justice, Bureau of Statistics, Intimate Partner Violence and Age of Victim. 1993-99, (2001). 3. The concept of the battered woman’s syndrome was developed in reaction to the misapplication of the self-defense doctrine to battered woman when they kill their spouse (Schneider (2000) Elizabeth, Battered Women and Feminist Lawmaking 117,135(2000)}. The United States Supreme Court has observed that almost four million women are the victims of severe assaults by their male partners every year. Thirty percent of female homicide victims are killed by their male partners (Planned Parenthood vs.Casey, 112 S. Ct. 2791, 2826-2831 (1992). Each year, 2,000-4,000 women in the U. S. are murdered by abusive partners or ex-partners (American Bar Association, â€Å"American Bar Association Commission on Domestic Violence,† American Bar Association). Battered Woman's Syndrome falls under what the American Psychological Association defines as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, rather than a mental illness (National Center for Post-Traumatic Street Disorder, â€Å"What is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? â €  U. S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 22 Feb. 2006).Outsiders frequently are puzzled. If things are so bad, why do women stay? Why do they kill? Why don’t they just leave? If a woman is being abused, why doesn’t she just pack her bags and get out. Those familiar with BWS and barriers plaguing victims of domestic violence encourage a greater empathy and understanding as to what motivates battered women to stay in abusive relationships. The Court in the People v. Aris, 215 Cal App 3d 1194, 264 Cal Rptr 167, 178 (1989) held that, â€Å"battered women tend to stay in abusive relationships for a number of reasons. â€Å"â€Å"The battered woman believes the violence is her fault, she has an inability to place the responsibility for the violence elsewhere. She fears for her life and or her children’s lives (Walker 2003). Many BWS victims â€Å"experience ‘learned helplessness,’ a condition brought about by the battered woman’s futile atte mpt to protect herself from her abuser†(Walker 2003). Battered women assume the burden for making the marriage work. Fears of economic insufficiency, scant job skills, many women feel trapped erroneously believing they would be at greater risk to leave.Thus it has been said the cycle-of-violence and passivity reinforces the perception of helplessness. Overtime, women’s ability to rationally evaluate the situation unfolding around becomes distorted. In the Matter of Glen G. and Josephine G. , 587 NYS 2d 464, 469 (1992) the concept of battered woman’s syndrome was described as â€Å"a breaking down of a woman's self confidence and self respect to a point where she no longer knows if she is crazy or not. † In recent years there has been a consorted effort to inform and educate the Courts on the complexities and cycles associated with domestic violence and battered women.In order for justice to prevail, it is crucial for the Courts to recognize the profound ps ychological trauma caused by Battered Woman’s Syndrome and acknowledge an isolated battered spouse is often controlled and dominated with raw terror. In many respects great strides have been made in enlightening the public and the Court’s about domestic violence and the prevalence of Battered Woman’s Syndrome. However, unrealistic stereotypes still persist and the public often turns a blind eye to the magnitude and implications violence against women imparts. It is uncomfortable to embrace.An ugly truth that corrupts the premise of a safe and happy family home. Many fear the recent appointments of staunch conservative Justices to the Supreme Court will hinder the strides and human rights made by advocates of battered women who kill in self-defense. The Four Psychological Stages Of Battered Woman Syndrome: Stage One: DENIAL The woman refuses to admit even to herself, that she has been beaten or that there is a problem in her marriage. She may call each incident a n accident. She offers excuses for her husband's violence and each time firmly believes it will never happen again.Stage Two: GUILT She now acknowledges there is a problem, but considers herself responsible for it. She deserves to be beaten, she feels because she has defects in her character and is not living up to her husband's expectations. Stage Three: ENLIGHTENMENT The woman no longer assumes responsibility for her husband's abusive treatment, recognizing that no one deserves to be beaten. She is still committed to her marriage though and stays with her husband hoping they can work things out. Stage Four: RESPONSIBILITYAccepting the fact that her husband will not, or cannot, stop his violent behavior, the battered woman decides she will no longer submit to it and starts a new life (Survivor's Empowerment Zone 2007). REFERENCES: Balkin Karen F. , (2003) â€Å"Introduction. † Current Controversies: Violence Against Women. Ed. Karen F Balkin San Diego Greenhaven Press. Depar tment of Veterans Affairs,(2006). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Dixon Wheeler John. , PhD, JD, An Essay on Battered Women, (2003) Grubb v State (2003) South Carolina Court of Appeals. National Center for Post-Traumatic Street Disorder. (2005)What is Battered Woman’s Syndrome?. National Clearinghouse for the Defense of Battered Women; (2006). Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 112 S. Ct. 2791, 2826-2831 (1992). Rennison, (2001) U. S. Dept of Justice, Bureau of Statistics, Intimate Partner Violence and Age of Victim. 1993-99, . Robinson v State 308 S. C. 74, 417 S. E. 2d 88(1992). Schneider Elizabeth, (2000) Battered Women and Feminist Lawmaking 117,135. State v. Hill, 287 S. C. 398, 339 S. E. 2d 121(1986). Survivor's Empowerment Zone (2007). http://www. angelfire. com. Walker, Lenore, E. Ed. D, Forensic Psychology Group, LLC.

Howard Gardner Theory - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 405 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Technology Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Howard Gardner viewed intelligence as the capacity to solve problems or to fashion products that are valued in one or more cultural setting (Gardner Hatch, 1989). Howard Gardner initially formulated a list of seven intelligences. The first two have been typically valued in schools; the next three are usually associated with the arts; and the final two are what Howard Gardner called personal intelligences. The Seven Intelligences Gardner stated is the following: Linguistic Intelligence-involves understanding to spoken and written language, the ability to learn languages, and the capacity to use language to accomplish certain goals. †¢Logical-Mathematical Intelligence-consists of the ability to analyze problems logically, carries out mathematical operations, and investigates issues scientifically. †¢Musical Intelligence- involves skill in the performance, composition, and appreciation of musical patterns. †¢Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence- It is the ability to u se mental abilities to coordinate bodily movements to solve problems. Spatial Intelligence-involves the potential to recognize and use the patterns of wide space and more confined areas. †¢Interpersonal Intelligence- is concerned with the capacity to understand the intentions, motivations and desires of other people. It allows people to work effectively with others. †¢Intrapersonal Intelligence- the power to understand oneself, to appreciate ones feelings, fears and motivations. In doing the research on The Gardner’s Theory, gave me the insight that I haven’t experience before. I didn’t know that these Intelligences existed until now. I believe all the Seven Intelligence applies to my life in many ways therefore if I had to choose one I would have to choose two instead. While taking this class, I’ve learned that I’m a multi-sensory learner, someone that learns best when visual, auditory, and tactile is involved. I always wonder why I l earned and do things at my best when I’m involve in more than one project. The two intelligence that applies best to me are Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Intelligence. I’m always a person that believes in setting my goals for achievement and on the journey of setting my goals I help others in the process. I’m more of a believer of the quote â€Å"Always treat people how you want to be treated†, that’s what I instill in myself and my family. Returning back to school is just a process that I have to accomplish. If I continue to work on my problems and not just being content in life, I will get myself farther in accomplishing my ultimate Goal. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Howard Gardner Theory" essay for you Create order